1. 研究课题（中文）：
本课题运用历史学、国际关系学以及其他学科的理论和方法，以丰富的文献资料为基础，结合中外学者已有的相关研究成果，对核武器在冷战中所起的作用进行深入、系统地剖析，从一个独特的视角揭示战后世界格局发展演变的基本特征和复杂性，从而进一步拓展国内学术界国际冷战史和战后国际关系史的研究。
1945年美国原子弹的研制成功是人类历史上具有划时代意义的重大事件，标志着一个新时代的开始。在战后世界历史发展进程中，核武器起着非常独特的作用，扮演着一个十分重要的角色。早在20世纪60、70年代，美国学者就率先对这一课题进行了研究，提出了一些富有新意的见解。近年来，国外主要是西方学者对这一课题进行了较为深入的研究，取得了一些富有价值的成果。主要包括：美国耶鲁大学历史系教授约翰·加迪斯在其《长久的和平：冷战史研究》、《我们现在知道了》等一系列论著中较为系统地阐述了核武器对战后和平所产生的深刻影响，并认为核武器在其中起了决定性的作用。宾西法尼亚大学历史系教授马克·特拉登伯格在其《历史与战略》一书中深入剖析了核武器对美国外交的影响。斯坦福大学的巴顿·伯恩斯坦的系列论文详细探讨了杜鲁门时期的美国核政策，特别是1945-1950年美国垄断原子弹期间的政策，以及美国关于国际原子能控制的考虑。斯坦福大学的张少书在其《朋友与敌人》一书中也用了相当篇幅来论述核武器在中美苏关系中所起的作用。此外，俄罗斯学者祖伯克、英国学者多克里尔、高英等也都发表了一些相关论著。
20世纪80年代以来，随着中国的改革开放，中国学者也开始涉足这一重要领域，并取得初步成果。中国社会科学院美国研究所资中筠研究员主编的《战后美国外交史》、北京大学国际关系学院的刘金质教授的《冷战史》、复旦大学美国研究中心朱明权教授的《美国国家安全政策研究》、陕西师范大学白建才教授主编的《美苏冷战史》等都用了一定篇幅来论述核武器在美苏冷战中的作用。大体而言，中国史学界对这一课题还缺乏应有的重视，专题研究成果还比较少。
该课题属于现代国际关系史研究领域的一项非常重要的内容，在学术上富有价值。同时，由于核武器依然存在，并且威胁着世界的和平与安全，核战争的梦魇并没有彻底消除。研究这一课题也具有很强的现实意义，对于人们理解和认识当今的大国安全关系、战争与和平问题等具有一定的启示意义。
本课题将全面、系统地考察核武器在战后世界格局变迁中的作用，揭示核武器对当代历史发展的深刻影响。主要内容包括：（1）核武器与冷战的缘起和进程，即核武器在多大程度上影响了美苏冷战的产生和发展。（2）冷战时期的美苏核外交和两国核战略的演变；（3）美苏核军备控制谈判的缘起和进程；（4）核武器与冷战时期的大国关系，重点是美苏关系、中美关系、中苏关系和美英关系等；（5）核武器与战后“持久和平”的关系；（6）核武器对冷战的影响和美苏核外交的复杂遗产。本课题的中期成果为系列学术论文，最终成果为专著《核武器与冷战》，计划在2008年底完成。
2. Research Proposal:
Based on the archival documents and scholarships on this tipoc, this project will try to study the role played by the nuclear weapons during the cold war years in depth, and reveal the complexity and basic feature of the development of post-war international relations, especially the great power relations, furthur improving the study of the cold war international history in China.
The United States made the first atomic bomb.in 1945, which was a sigiunifianct event in human being history and marked the beginning of nucealr age. For a long time, the nuclaer weapons have played a unique and very important role in the development of post war world.
There have been some research achievements in the Unites Sates on this subject and furthur greatly promoted the research in the world. These schloarships include John Gaddis’s three excellent books, namely We Now Know, The Long Peace, and The Strategy of Containment. Professor Gaddis explores the influence of the atomic bomb on the United States foreign and defense policies, and argued that the nuclear wenpons played a crucial role in keeping the long peace of the post-wat world. But some political science shcolars such as John Mueller provided different opinion. To Mueller, the nuclear weapons are irrelevant to the peace since 1945, and they mede no difference for the development of the world. Mar Trachtenberg conducted some case studies like the Berlin crisis and the cuban missile crisis, and also he studied nuclear strategic thought in the United States. McGeorge Bundy’s book Danger and Survival is one of must-read books about nuclear weapons and US foreign policy during the cold war era, particularly the chapters on the Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations are very useful. David Holloway gave us in detail the sotry of the Soviet Union in his Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, and so we can know some information about how the Soviet Union leaders viewed the nuclear weapons and how the bombs influenced the policymaking in the Soviet Union. Gregg Herken’s The Winning Weapoons: The Atomic Bomb in the Cold War focus on the relations between the nuclear weapons and the origins of the cold war during 1945-1950.
The Chinese scholars recently published some books and articles relating to this subject, including Professor Zi Zhongyun’s Postwar American Diplomatic History, Professor Liu Jinzhi’s Cold War History, Professor Zhu Mingquan’s American National Security Policy, as well as Professor Bai Jiancai’s A History of US-Soviet Union Cold War. Generally speaking, the Chinese historians’ study on this subject is often unsystematic, insufficient in depth, and overly descriptive. There are still many issues need to be explored carefully, including some case studies.
This study will mainly discuss the impact of the nuclear weapons on the postwar international relations, particularly among the great powers, and try to present a Chinese perspective on how and to what extent the nuclear weapons have influenced the origins and development of the cold war. This study is designed to cover the following major issues: (1)the nuclear weapons and the origins of the cold war; (2) the nuclear diplomacy and the evolution of the United States and the Soviet Union’s nuclear strategy ; (3) the origins and process of arms control talks between the United States and the Soviet Union; (4)the nuclear weapons and the great powers relations, such as Anglo-American relations, China-US relations, China-Soviet Union relations; (5) the nuclear weapons and the postwar long peace; (6) the legacies of US-Soviet arms race during the cold war years.
